This work starts with a brief overview of education in developing countries, to contextualise the use of the guidelines. Although this document is intended to be a practical tool, it is necessary to include some theoretical analysis of the concept of online assessment. This is given in Sections 3 and 4, together with the identification and description of relevant online assessment techniques. Section 5 presents ten principles for online assessment; these were the core focus of this work. Finally, some tools that may be useful for teachers and educators are identified and briefly described. Section 6 references learning management systems and online assessment, whilst Section 7 covers other online assessment resources.