PCF5 Sub-theme: Health // Good health is a prerequisite for community development. The surgical treatment of patients in poorer societies is adversely affected by problems of access and quality. Solutions include better treatment by available surgical staff, and by other health-care workers (nonsurgeons) trained in certain procedures (Cumbi et al 2007, Kruk et al 2007, Nundy 1984, Pereira et al 1996, Pereira et al 2007, , Vaz et al 1999, Watters et al 1987). For improved theoretical training of these groups, the choice lies between face-to-face classroom teaching and distance-mode (self-learning) – or a combination of both. Similarly for skills training the choice lies between apprenticeship (learning on the job) or the opportunity to learn surgical techniques first in a laboratory environment – or a combination of both. Time is often not available for centralized training. Similar resources have been used successfully in training engineers and scientists. The use of these methods helps offset the adverse effects of inadequate numbers and quality of teaching staff. The history of this project shows that the use of such resources is not a ‘second class’ option. // Paper ID 260