Kinshuk, Lin ShiLin, TaiyuPatel, Ashok2022-11-212022-11-212004-07http://hdl.handle.net/11599/4735PCF3 // The research on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) has shown that the top-down approach used by traditional ITSs has not been able to satisfy all the student, teacher, curriculum and institutional needs and requirements [2]. To this end, Intelligent Tutoring Tools (ITTs) were developed [1]. The ITTs have rather narrow focus even if they encompass all the typical elements of an ITS. This paper describes how the integration of ITTs can lead to higher-level intelligent applications that provide all the benefits of traditional ITSs, circumvent the problems of traditional ITSs, and provide additional benefits arising from the modular structure and reusable coding.enhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/Working Paper