Seelig, CarolineCadwallader, AlanStandring, Doug2019-05-102019-05-102019-03http://hdl.handle.net/11599/3188As long ago as 1992, Greville Rumble was writing about the “competitive vulnerabilities” of single-mode distance teaching institutions [universities]. In the intervening years the challenges he described have only intensified, especially so as advancing information and communication technologies have enabled increasing numbers of campus-based tertiary institutions to enter distance learning, usually targeting the part-time adult learner market that was formerly the preserve of single-mode distance learning providers.enhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/Open and Distance Learning (ODL)Technical/Vocational Education and Training (TVET)Articlehttps://doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v6i1.328