With online learning it became much easier for academic staff to produce versions of their campus courses for distance students and to interact with them by e-mail and other web tools. This promise of a direct relationship between distant student and teacher, by-passing all the intermediate processes of traditional distance education (design and printing of documents, recording of audio-visual programmes, etc.), was hailed as a major step forward. Some observers, thinking that classroom teaching and distance learning were now so well integrated that institutions had best of both worlds, forecast the gradual disappearance of single-mode open universities. // Daniel, J. (2012). Dual-mode universities in higher education: way station or final destination?. Open Learning, 27(1), 89-95. doi:10.1080/02680513.2012.640791